12^th International Conference on
Biotechnology Research

Genomics is a branch of biology that focuses on the structure, function, evolution, mapping, and editing of genomes. A genome is a complete set of DNA that includes all of an organism's genes as well as its hierarchical, three-dimensional structural arrangement. The goal of genomics is to characterise and quantify all of an organism's genes, their interrelationships, and their influence on the organism. Functional genomics is a branch of molecular biology that aims to understand gene activities and interactions by utilising the large abundance of data generated by genomic initiatives. Functional genomics focuses on dynamic features of genomic information such as gene transcription, translation, and protein-protein interactions rather than static aspects such as DNA sequence.

• Track 2-1  DNA sequencing
• Track 2-2  Genome analysis
• Track 2-3  Functional Genomics
• Track 2-4  Structural genomics
• Track 2-5  Epigenomics

Cell biology is the study of cell structure and function, and it is based on the idea that the cell is the most basic unit of life. Concentrating on the cell allows for a more in-depth understanding of the tissues and organisms that cells comprise. Some creatures have only one cell, whilst others are structured into large cooperative groups with many cells. Cell biology, in general, is concerned with the structure and function of a cell, from the most generic qualities shared by all cells to the unique, extremely detailed tasks specific to specialised cells. Cell biology includes both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and comprises several subtopics such as cell metabolism, cell communication, cell cycle, biochemistry, and cell composition.

• Track 3-1  Cell types and development
• Track 3-2  Cell signaling
• Track 3-3  Cell cycles
• Track 3-4  Cell metabolism
• Track 3-5  Cell pathology

Molecular biology is the study of the molecular basis of biological activity within and between cells, including biomolecular synthesis, modification, processes, and interactions. Molecular biology is the study of the chemical and physical structure of biological macromolecules. Molecular biology was initially defined as a method focused on the underpinnings of biological phenomena - discovering the structures of biological molecules as well as their interactions, and how these interactions explain classical biology data. Molecular biology is more than just the study of biological molecules and their interactions; it is also a set of tools that have been developed since the field's inception that have allowed scientists to learn about molecular processes.

• Track 4-1  Molecular cloning
• Track 4-2  Polymerase chain reaction
• Track 4-3  Blotting techniques
• Track 4-4  Modern molecular biology
• Track 4-5  Gel electrophoresis

Genetic engineering, often known as genetic modification or genetic manipulation, is the use of technology to modify and manipulate an organism's DNA. It is a set of technologies used to alter the genetic makeup of cells, including gene transfer within and across species borders, in order to create better or novel organisms. The genetic material of interest is isolated and copied using recombinant DNA technologies, or the DNA is synthesised artificially. Genetic engineering has been used in a wide range of applications, including research, medicine, industrial biotechnology, and agriculture. GMOs are used in research to explore gene function and expression using loss of function, gain of function, tracking, and expression experiments. It is possible to produce animals by knocking off genes responsible for specific illnesses.

• Track 5-1  Gene therapy
• Track 5-2  Recombinant technology
• Track 5-3  DNA fingerprinting
• Track 5-4  GM Organism
• Track 5-5  DNA repair
• Track 5-6  Biomarkers

Tissue engineering is a biomedical engineering subject that restores, maintains, improves, or replaces various types of biological tissues by combining cells, engineering, materials technologies, and appropriate biochemical and physicochemical parameters. Tissue engineering frequently involves the use of cells placed on tissue scaffolds in the development of new living tissue for a medicinal reason, although it is not restricted to cell and tissue scaffold applications. Tissue engineering is alternatively defined as "learning the principles of tissue growth and employing this knowledge to create functional replacement tissue for clinical use." Tissue engineering is a multidisciplinary field that has produced a fresh set of tissue replacement parts and application methodologies.

• Track 6-1  Scaffolds
• Track 6-2  Bioartificial organs
• Track 6-3  Biomimetics
• Track 6-4  CAD/CAM Technologies
• Track 6-5  Tissue culture techniques

Microbial biotechnology is a well-established field of biotechnology that combines the use of microorganisms with rising modern biotechnology techniques to achieve sustainable agriculture. Microbial biotechnology is concerned with the genetic manipulation of live organisms or their components in order to develop valuable products for a variety of uses. Traditional agricultural farming equipment and procedures have reached their limits in terms of boosting agricultural productivity. Chemical fertilisers, insecticides, herbicides, and other inputs have enhanced agricultural output while decreasing soil productivity and environmental quality. Microbiologists and biotechnologists are becoming increasingly interested in microbial biotechnology and its applications in the development of sustainable agriculture and environmental health.

• Track 7-1  Microbiomes
• Track 7-2  Food microbiology
• Track 7-3  Environmental microbiology
• Track 7-4  Pathogenicity and Virulence
• Track 7-5  Synthetic Biology
• Track 7-6  Microbial diseases diagnosis and prevention

The process of creating useful or valuable proteins is known as protein engineering. It is a nascent science, with significant research being conducted to better understand protein folding and protein design concepts. It has been utilised to enhance the performance of various enzymes used in industrial catalysis. Protein engineering is the process by which a researcher modifies a protein sequence by substituting, inserting, or deleting nucleotides in the encoding gene in order to get a modified protein that is better suited for a certain use or purpose than the unmodified protein. Protein engineering research is divided into three major approaches: directed evolution, rational design, and de novo design.

• Track 8-1  Mutagenesis
• Track 8-2  Protein folding
• Track 8-3  Therapeutic proteins
• Track 8-4  Target and ligand prediction

Environmental biotechnology is the application and study of biotechnology to the natural environment. Environmental biotechnology may also indicate attempting to harness biological processes for economic use and exploitation. Environmental biotechnology can be defined simply as "the optimal use of nature, in the form of plants, animals, bacteria, fungi, and algae, to produce renewable energy, food, and nutrients in a synergistic integrated cycle of profit-making processes in which the waste of one process becomes the feedstock for another." Agricultural biotechnology, also known as agritech, is a branch of agricultural science that involves the use of scientific tools and techniques to modify living organisms such as plants, animals, and microorganisms, such as genetic engineering, molecular markers, molecular diagnostics, vaccines, and tissue culture.

• Track 9-1  Traditional Breeding
• Track 9-2  Genome editing
• Track 9-3  GMO Crops
• Track 9-4  Transgenic crops
• Track 9-5  Crops disease and management

The use of technology to edit the genes of our food sources is known as food biotechnology. Animals, plants, and microorganisms are our food sources. Food biotechnology allows us to develop new species of animals and plants, such as animals and plants that we consume. These novel species possess desirable nutritional, production, and marketing characteristics. Modern biotechnology and genetic engineering tools, such as rDNA, enable us to move much more quickly. Recombinant DNA is abbreviated as rDNA. Food technology is an area of food science that deals with food product production, preservation, quality control, and research and development.

• Track 10-1  Food chemistry
• Track 10-2  Food processing
• Track 10-3  Food packaging
• Track 10-4  Food contamination
• Track 10-5  Food allergy
• Track 10-6  Food preservation

Enzyme Technology, often known as enzyme engineering, is a pillar of Industrial Biotechnology. Enzyme Technology is the process of altering an enzyme's structure/function or manipulating the catalytic capabilities of isolated enzymes in order to create novel molecules. This field encompasses pure and applied enzymology, molecular modelling, biocatalysts, diagnostics, and structural biology. The major goals are to develop new and much more sustainable products, processes, and services to meet human requirements, or to improve present techniques of creating things from new biomass and raw resources. Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts by speeding up chemical reactions. The molecules on which enzymes can function are known as substrates, and the enzyme changes the substrates into new molecules known as products.

• Track 11-1  Enzymes in industrial applications
• Track 11-2  Biocatalysts
• Track 11-3  Enzyme purification and immobilization
• Track 11-4  Coenzymes
• Track 11-5  Enzyme Binding and kinetics
• Track 11-6  Algae Biofuels
• Track 11-7  Algal Biodegradation

Algal biotechnology is defined as "the technical application of algae (including microalgae and macroalgae) or their derivatives to produce or change goods or processes for specific applications." The diversity of habitats in which algae can be found, as well as their morphological, physiological, and biochemical diversity, reflects their evolutionary diversity. Polysaccharides, carotenoids, phycobilin colours, and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids are only a few of the beneficial compounds found in algae. They are also used as fertilisers and growth stimulants in agriculture, as well as in wastewater treatment. Recently, algae, particularly microalgae, have sparked fresh interest as possible sources of renewable fuels. The pursuit of new products derived from new species, as well as new or enhanced applications, continues.

• Track 12-1  Algal cultivation
• Track 12-2  Algal Biopolymers
• Track 12-3  Algal Biodegradation
• Track 12-4  Algal biofuels
• Track 12-5  Food and nutrition from algae

Pharmaceutical Biotechnology is the marriage of pharmaceutical science with biotechnology. Pharmaceutical biotechnology is the scientific study of the processes required for the manufacturing, development, and approval of biological medications. Pharmaceutical Biotechnology's purpose is to create and manufacture pharmaceuticals that are personalised to each individual's genetic makeup and deliver the greatest clinical benefit. Biotechnology is important in pharmaceutical science, especially in the pharmaceutical industry, because it enables the creation of genetically altered organisms that can be used in industrial manufacture.

• Track 13-1  Pharmacogenomics
• Track 13-2  Drug discovery
• Track 13-3  Molecular medicine
• Track 13-4  Clinical Biochemistry
• Track 13-5  Drug design and development
• Track 13-6  Pharmacodynamics

Fermentation is a metabolic process that uses enzymes to modify the biochemistry of organic substrates. Fermentation Technology is the utilisation of microorganisms and enzymes to create valuable products for large-scale industrial production. The fundamental principle of fermentation Technology is that organisms are created under optimal conditions using raw ingredients that meet all of the required parameters, such as carbon, nitrogen, minerals, vitamins, salts, and trace elements. Pharmaceuticals, energy, materials, food, and chemicals all benefit from fermentation technology.

• Track 14-1  Bioreactors
• Track 14-2  Fermentation technologies
• Track 14-3  Byproducts of fermentation
• Track 14-4  Microbial fermentation
• Track 14-5  Downstream Processing

Drug design is the process of creating new medications based on knowledge of a biological target. The drug typically consists of a tiny, organic substance that either enhances or inhibits the function of a biomolecule, such as a protein, to benefit the patient medically. Chemicals that are complementary in form and charge to the target molecule with which compounds interact and bind are created as part of the drug design process. Drug development for biotech products is a challenge for finding fresh leads. It focuses on the phytochemical analysis, pharmacological investigation, and description of bioactive compounds derived from the environment.

• Track 15-1  Computer aided drug designing
• Track 15-2  Pharmacophore
• Track 15-3  Modelling of Bioactive compounds
• Track 15-4  Structure and target prediction
• Track 15-5  Clinical research and regulation

Biomedical Engineering and Instrumentation is a branch of Biomedical Engineering dealing with the instruments and mechanics used to assess, evaluate, analyse, treat, and prevent human disease. Bioinstrumentation is a newly emerging field that focuses on the treatment of diseases while also integrating the medical and engineering industries. It involves the study of designing, managing, regulating, and repairing electronic medical devices. It relies on the upkeep and development of medical equipment and several sensors to track and monitor a person's or animal's physiological features.

• Track 16-1  Bioimaging
• Track 16-2  3D bioprinting
• Track 16-3  Biomaterials
• Track 16-4  Biomedical sensors
• Track 16-5  Bionics
• Track 16-6  Biomechanics

An interdisciplinary area called bioinformatics creates techniques and software tools for comprehending biological data, especially when the data sets are big and complicated. To analyse and interpret the biological data, the interdisciplinary discipline of research known as bioinformatics brings together biology, chemistry, physics, computer science, information engineering, mathematics, and statistics. Biological inquiries have been analysed in silico utilising computational and statistical methods and bioinformatics. Both biological investigations that incorporate computer programming into their technique and specialised analysis "pipelines," particularly in the field of genomics, are included in bioinformatics. Single nucleotide polymorphisms and candidate genes are two frequent applications of bioinformatics

• Track 17-1  DNA sequence analysis
• Track 17-2  Comparative genomics and annotations
• Track 17-3  Analysis of gene and protein expressions
• Track 17-4  Structural bioinformatics
• Track 17-5  Computational Biology and modelling
• Track 17-6  Gene prediction
• Track 17-7  Molecular docking

The term "cancer" covers a broad variety of diseases brought on by atypical cellular growth. The study of how genes, proteins, and biological processes interact to support the formation and development of cancer is known as cancer biology. Cancer biology is concerned with the fundamental principles underlying tumour mechanisms, cell proliferation, the transformation of healthy cells into cancer cells, the spread (metastasis) of cancer cells, and cutting-edge diagnostics. This study offers the foundation for potential treatments, clinical trials, and a deeper comprehension of the cancer cell. It also relates these discoveries to human health. A person's DNA becomes mutated over time, which causes cancer. Cancer-causing mutations can either be inherited or acquired.

• Track 18-1  Cancer genomics
• Track 18-2  Cancer therapy
• Track 18-3  Biopsies
• Track 18-4  Metastasis
• Track 18-5  Tumour Biomarkers
• Track 18-6  Cancer Diagnosis and prevention

A broad spectrum of engineering, chemistry, physics, and biological technologies are all included in the interdisciplinary field of nanobiotechnology. Nanobiotechnology enables unique molecular interactions between biological systems and nanostructures with sizes ranging from 1 nm to 100 nm. The creation of analytical instruments, diagnostic tools, sensors, nanomedicine, treatment, contrast agents, immunological agents, and drug delivery systems all make use of nanobiotechnology. Nanodevices (such as biological machines), nanoparticles, and nanoscale phenomena that occur within the field of nanotechnology are among the concepts that are improved by nanobiotechnology. With the help of technology, biologists can design and build systems that can be used for biological study. Nanotechnology that draws its inspiration from biological systems makes use of yet-to-be-developed technologies.

• Track 19-1  Nanomedicine
• Track 19-2  Nanorobots
• Track 19-3  Nanobiosensors
• Track 19-4  Nano biomaterials
• Track 19-5  Nanotoxicology
• Track 19-6  Cancer Stem Cells
• Track 19-7  Stem Cell Transplantation

Stem cells are the building blocks from which all other cells with specific roles are derived in the body. Daughter cells are created when stem cells divide properly in the body or a lab to create more cells. Some kinds of stem cells can be used by researchers to test new medications for quality and safety prior to testing them on humans. This kind of testing will probably first directly affect the development of drugs for cardiac toxicity testing. The usefulness of employing human stem cells that have been programmed into tissue-specific cells to evaluate new medications is one of the newer areas of inquiry. A stem cell line is a collection of in vitro-grown cells that all descended from a single initial stem cell.

• Track 20-1  Regenerative medicine
• Track 20-2  Stem cell differentiation
• Track 20-3  Stem cell transplantation
• Track 20-4  Cancer stem cells
• Track 20-5  Stem cell dynamics
• Track 20-6  Applications of stem cells

The scientific study of microorganisms, whether they have one cell, many cells, or are acellular, is known as microbiology. Numerous subfields of microbiology are included, such as virology, bacteriology, protistology, mycology, immunology, and parasitology. The subfields of microbiology, such as bacteriology, mycology, protozoology, virology, phycology, and microbial ecology, can be categorised as applied sciences or subdivided according to taxonomy. The specialised divisions of microbiology have a great deal in common with one another and with other academic fields, and some of its elements may go beyond the traditional boundaries of microbiology. Cellular microbiology is a subfield of microbiology that focuses solely on research.

• Track 21-1  Bacteriology
• Track 21-2  Virology
• Track 21-3  Mycology
• Track 21-4  Parasitology
• Track 21-5  Immunology

The capacity to examine, manipulate, and copy and paste segments of DNA is essential to many applications of contemporary biotechnology. Sometimes, methods for manipulating and sequencing DNA are referred to as DNA technologies. The chloride channel gene, for instance, was inserted into a piece of carrier DNA (a vector) for the cystic fibrosis gene therapy experiment using DNA manipulation techniques. This allowed the gene to be expressed in human lung cells. Both basic biology and applied (practical) biology benefit from DNA technology. For instance, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a method for producing several copies of a DNA sequence, is utilised in both fundamental laboratory research and numerous forensics and medical diagnostic procedures.

• Track 22-1  DNA cloning
• Track 22-2  DNA sequencing
• Track 22-3  Electrophoresis techniques
• Track 22-4  Polymerase chain reaction
• Track 22-5  DNA mutations

Medical biotechnology is a field of medicine that conducts research, produces pharmaceutical and diagnostic products using living cells and cell materials. These goods aid in both disease treatment and prevention. Medical biotechnology is advancing dramatically and benefiting millions of people, from the development of the Ebola vaccine to the mapping of human DNA and its effects on agriculture. Work in genetic testing, medication therapies, and artificial tissue growth are some of the most recent applications of biological technology. New issues are raised as a result of the numerous medical innovation breakthroughs. In this rapidly developing field of medical biotechnology, there are many things to decide and govern, from funding to ethics.

• Track 23-1  Molecular medicine and Therapeutics
• Track 23-2  Advances in clinical Biochemistry
• Track 23-3  Biopharmaceuticals
• Track 23-4  Cellular and Molecular biology
• Track 23-5  Molecular epigenetics

Plant biotechnology is a collection of methods used to modify plants to meet certain requirements or opportunities. Multiple needs and opportunities frequently coexist in the same circumstance. Examples include employing CRISPR gene editing to generate cows that produce more milk, creating genetically modified apples with prolonged shelf life, and using genetic engineering to create seeds for soybeans that are herbicide resistant. Plant biotechnology involves breeding to improve plants for a variety of reasons, including raising yield and quality, resisting heat and drought, resisting phytopathogens, resisting herbicides and insects, increasing biomass for the production of biofuels, and raising the nutritional value of the crops.

• Track 24-1  Plant breeding and molecular breeding
• Track 24-2  Plant genome sciences
• Track 24-3  Plant pathology and microbiology
• Track 24-4  Plant physiology and Biochemistry

Biotechnology is the application of biological processes found in living things or the use of living things themselves to enhance technology and apply it to other fields. These cover a variety of industries, from the medical profession to agricultural operations. It encompasses not only applications in domains involving living things but also any other field in which knowledge gleaned from an organism's biological element called the DNA can be put to use.

• Track 25-1  Biotechnology in Agriculture
• Track 25-2  Biotechnology in Healthcare
• Track 25-3  Nutrient Supplementation
• Track 25-4  Biofuel production
• Track 25-5  Whole genome sequencing